Automation has played a huge part in advancing the aviation industry and has revolutionized global travel for everyone. While self-driving cars have barely taken their first steps in terms of automated land travel, autopilot systems have already been built into planes since the early 20th century. From the 80’s to the present day, Digital Flight Control Systems (DFCS) have become standard features in commercial aircraft.
As flight automation becomes even more advanced, the impact on airline pilots is both profound and intricate. This article explores the multifaceted nature of automation’s influence on pilots, delving into the advantages it brings to the cockpit and the challenges that must be deftly navigated.
Advantages of Automation in Aviation
Workload Reduction
One of the primary boons of automation in the airline industry is how it can lighten the pilot’s workload. Routine tasks that once demanded meticulous attention can now be seamlessly handled by sophisticated systems. This allows pilots to redirect their focus towards the nuanced and critical aspects of flight. As a result, this enhances their ability to make informed decisions in dynamic situations.
The streamlined operation of routine functions is not only a time-saving measure but also a stress-reduction strategy. Pilots can dedicate more cognitive resources to tasks that require human intuition and judgment, which fosters a safer and more efficient flight environment.
On a typical commercial flight, autopilot is used 90 percent of the time. While pilots don’t use automation for taking off, the system can be engaged as early as 5 seconds after lift-off. That said, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requires that the pilot only engage autopilot when the plane has reached 29,000 feet above sea level. With the autopilot system doing most of the heavy lifting, pilots can focus on situational awareness and quickly take back control of the plane in case of emergencies and other situations that are out of the ordinary.
Precision and Efficiency
Autopilot systems have done much to revolutionize navigational precision. This contributes to a more efficient use of resources. Modern aircraft, equipped with advanced navigation technologies, can maintain unparalleled accuracy in following designated routes. This not only optimizes fuel consumption but also enhances overall flight efficiency.
The marriage of automation and precision extends beyond navigation. Automated systems facilitate smoother communication and coordination between aircraft, air traffic control, and ground operations. This interconnectedness contributes to a harmonious and well-coordinated air traffic ecosystem.
Further development of autopilot systems, such as the incorporation of artificial intelligence, has greatly expanded the role of automation in the cockpit. For instance, AI-driven technology can provide real-time data analysis and predictive analytics during the flight. These systems are sophisticated enough to detect changes in weather conditions and the need for navigation adjustments for safer flights. Moreover, they can detect obstacles and nearby aircraft, enabling early warning to prevent collisions.
Fatigue Mitigation
Automation serves as a vital defense against pilot fatigue, especially on long-haul flights. By handling routine tasks and maintaining stable flight conditions, autopilot systems allow pilots to remain vigilant and focused during critical phases of the journey.
According to a study, 21 to 23 percent of major aviation accidents in the last two decades were caused by pilot fatigue. With the pilot shortage across the industry, overutilization of staff is a huge issue that leads to pilots calling in fatigued.
Fortunately, automation plays a critical role in mitigating this issue, even beyond the physical aspect. By lightening the cognitive load, pilots can make more informed decisions even during extended flight durations. Indeed, this underscores the symbiotic relationship between humans and machines.
Challenges of Automation in Aviation
Skill Maintenance
Amid the marvels of automation, a pertinent challenge arises—the potential erosion of manual flying skills. As automation assumes an increasing share of responsibilities, there is a risk that pilots may become less adept at manually controlling aircraft. Ensuring that pilots maintain proficiency in manual flying is vital, as these skills remain a crucial safety net, especially in unforeseen circumstances.
That’s why professional pilots are required to regularly undergo skill retraining every 6 to 12 months. Even with extensive training as a student pilot, the learning never ends. Whether on the job or in a simulator, pilots need to be constantly prepared to take control of their plane, especially during unexpected situations. These are the reasons why pilot training in the Philippines and other countries subjects their students to rigorous simulations and actual flight sessions.
The delicate balance between automation and manual control requires ongoing training that emphasizes hands-on flying exercises. Training programs must evolve to include scenarios that challenge pilots to respond swiftly and effectively without solely relying on automated systems.
Over-Reliance on Automation
While automation is a powerful ally, an over-reliance on technology poses inherent risks. Pilots must guard against complacency and resist the temptation to delegate all responsibilities to automated systems. Moreover, maintaining an active and engaged presence in the cockpit is essential, as it enables pilots to swiftly intervene in case of system anomalies or unexpected events.
As the aviation industry continues to evolve, the impact of automation on airline pilots is a narrative of both promise and caution. Navigating the skies with confidence requires a delicate balance between embracing the advantages of automation and addressing the challenges it poses. As pilots and automation coalesce in the cockpit, the journey toward safer, more efficient skies is marked by continuous learning, adaptability, and a steadfast commitment to ensuring that the human touch remains an integral part of the flying experience.